Neoliberalism or Neoestructuralism? The Chilean Concertación’s Economic Model in Dispute
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Abstract
The essay examines Chile’s Concertación governments (1990–2010), arguing that they did not break with neoliberalism but democratized and adapted it into a third-wave neoliberalism based on macroeconomic stability, targeted social policies, and technocratic legitimacy. Using a historical-institutional and comparative approach, it concludes that the concept of third-wave neoliberalism better explains Chile’s trajectory than pure neostructuralism, as it captures the model’s capacity to incorporate equity without altering its market logic. Finally, the 2019 social uprising is interpreted as evidence of this equilibrium’s exhaustion, highlighting the need for post-neoliberal alternatives that combine social justice, productive diversification, and democratic stability.
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